Less than a week after California launched its big new experiment with legal marijuana sales, it’s clear that the Bay Area is now divided into a kaleidoscopic landscape after cities and counties raced to enact laws by the start of the new year that reflected their hopes and fears.
Will there be a flood of tax revenue from cannabis to fix potholes and hire more cops? Or will pot sales trigger blight, violence and other ills?
After the decision of California voters in 2016 to legalize recreational marijuana, similar-seeming places are reaching very different conclusions. And different places, oddly, often seem to agree.
Related: Check out our database of how Bay Area communities have restricted cannabis activity
One college town, Santa Cruz, is pro-pot sales. Another, Palo Alto, is opposed. One working-class East Bay city, Richmond, has said yes to recreational marijuana sales. Another similar city, Antioch, has said no for now.
Unprepared and overwhelmed, many cities are hitting the pause button as they brace for bleary-eyed debates over planning, zoning and tax rates. While these cities support legal weed in theory, in practice they’re less sure. Many city officials in recent weeks seem startled, as if to ask: How did Jan. 1 get here so soon?
“People have assumed a quick ramp-up,” said Courtney Ramos, vice president of Mountain View-based Matrix Consulting Group, which is advising cities and counties on how to deal with marijuana ordinances, “but a lot of communities weren’t having those conversations.”
A century of prohibition kept pot laws pretty simple, but the passage of Proposition 64 in November 2016 complicated things, creating a cultural Rorschach test of sorts, revealing our cities’ deeply held values.
Khalil Moutawakkil, director of KindPeoples Dispensary, was photographed at one of his facilities in Santa Cruz in November. KindPeoples was one of the first medicinal dispensaries to get a permit to sell recreational pot. (Patrick Tehan/Bay Area News Group)
Despite the passage of the statewide ballot measure, California cities and counties still have the power to ban sales and cultivation within their borders. Some dug in their heels in December, saying the state’s rushed emergency rule-making process didn’t give them enough time to prepare. Local regulations must mesh with the state framework, released in mid-November.
A 25-mile, left-leaning swath of the East Bay — from Hayward to El Cerrito — will allow marijuana sales. The artsy agricultural coast, from Pacifica to Santa Cruz, is also pot-friendly. The Bay Area’s three big cities — San Jose, San Francisco and Oakland — are cool with it. Young-and-hip Mountain View is getting there, but says it needs more time to write regulations.
But recreational pot sales will be banned for now all along the leafy Peninsula, as well as family-focused East Bay towns such as Pleasanton and Orinda. Heavily Asian-American places like Milpitas, Fremont and Daly City have rejected legal marijuana for now, which is consistent with election results. Polls showed that while Proposition 64 was backed by solid majorities of whites, Latinos and blacks, most Asian-Americans didn’t support it.
Some cities, however, defy expectations. Albany, “Where the Bay Comes To Play” at Golden Gate Fields racetrack, isn’t betting on weed.
A few cities, like Palo Alto, are rejecting brick-and-mortar shops but will allow delivery services to drive weed to their residents.
Every county in the greater Bay Area voted overwhelmingly in favor of Proposition 64 in November 2016, but only Santa Cruz County is permitting pot sales in unincorporated areas. Sales in unincorporated Santa Clara, San Mateo, Alameda and Contra Costa counties are now prohibited.
Marin County, once known as the land of hot tubs and New Age thinking, is saying no. Eight of its 11 cities are slamming their doors on recreational marijuana — even Fairfax, the site of California’s first-ever medical marijuana dispensary more than 20 years ago.
Beyond the Bay Area, the prosperous cities of Sacramento, Davis, Los Angeles, Long Beach and San Diego are all in. They have long histories with medicinal cannabis sales, with little evident harm.
A handful of depressed Central Valley and desert towns have said yes to recreational marijuana. Bankrupt Coalinga authorized pot growing in its abandoned prison and an area zoned for auto wrecking yards. The fading resort town of Desert Hot Springs, nicknamed “Desert Pot Springs,” is planning a cannabis spa. Also welcoming is Adelanto, a high desert town in San Bernardino County with four prisons, cactus and not much else.
Santa Cruz vs. Palo Alto
Perhaps the debate is better understood through the tale of two cities: Santa Cruz and Palo Alto.
Santa Cruz — well-educated, pricey and proud of its progressivism — is home to a UC campus with a dual reputation for top-tier research and permissiveness. (“The most stoned campus on Earth,” a Rolling Stone magazine headline once declared.)
The transition to legal weed in the coastal city as well as unincorporated Santa Cruz County is expected to be seamless. There will be 12 dispensaries in the county and two in the city.
“This moved into our line of sight five years ago,” said Jason Hoppin, a spokesman for the county government, which already had a medical cannabis ordinance in place — and the sky didn’t fall.
It’s not that the issue didn’t spark spirited debate, he added, but that was long ago.
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“When Prop. 64 came along, we had a scheme already set up,” he said. “All the Board of Supervisors had to do was remove the word ‘medical’ from the ordinance.”
Located between “4 Less Termite” and Carmat Collision Center, KindPeoples Collective in Santa Cruz is in a former motorcycle repair shop and features psychedelic art and an aquarium.
“Why waste any time?” asked KindPeoples co-founder Khalil Moutawakkil. “Santa Cruz has always been on the forefront from a social and political perspective. It’s been a leader in regulating medical marijuana … and is continuing that tradition.”
But liberal Palo Alto, home of world-class Stanford University, is wary of weed.
To be sure, cannabis is easy to find at Palo Alto’s renowned high schools, but the city doesn’t want drug-seeking outsiders. It has low crime and high property taxes that provide a panoply of city services — and a lot to lose should things go awry.
Palo Alto’s rejection of pot sales came in November after an hourslong City Council debate that included testimony by a geneticist about the potential risk of disease-causing mutations from smoking weed. The city doesn’t allow medical marijuana sales either.
“I think it should be legal in California, but I don’t want to see it in Palo Alto,” Mayor Greg Scharff, an attorney, said at the meeting. “Voting for state law is not the same as voting for it to happen locally.”
KindPeoples Dispensary sells a variety of cannabis products at their facility in Santa Cruz, California, Thursday, Nov. 30, 2017. KindPeoples is one of the medicinal dispensaries hoping for a permit to sell recreational pot. (Patrick Tehan/Bay Area News Group)
The ban came as a relief to longtime residents such as Hal Mickelson, a retired senior attorney for Hewlett-Packard.
“In my opinion, Palo Alto should be extremely cautious,” not permitting sales until the state has more experience, he said. “Compared with Berkeley and Santa Cruz, Palo Alto is more determined to be many things to many people, in addition to being a college town.”
Antioch vs. Richmond
Across the bay, Antioch and Richmond provide a different tale of two cities, with shared stresses but diverging decisions on weed.
Both cities are diverse working-class towns with more than 100,000 people that struggle with crime and pockets of poverty.
The Antioch City Council’s vote in November — for a third extension of an emergency ordinance that blocks cannabis businesses — was plagued by confusion and poor preparation. Nearly a year ago, the council asked its Economic Development Commission to review the issue. It also asked for community workshops. Yet there were no updates and no workshops.
“This is the same report we saw last time! I’m frustrated. … It’s been close to a year,” said Vice Mayor Lamar Thorpe, a U.S. Navy veteran. Responded a staffer: “We are not exactly fat on staff, and there are other issues they’re dealing with.”
While Antioch voted overwhelmingly for Proposition 64, resident Jeffrey Klingler was relieved by the moratorium. “It is hard enough being a parent today, keeping the kids away from drugs,” he told the council. “What is the impact on crime? What is the impact on youth? This sends a message that we’re not going to be drawn into the lure of a pot of money that this is supposed to bring.”
Leaders of Richmond, a city facing profound pension-related budget problems, voted differently.
The industrial waterfront city has had six years of good experience with its medical dispensaries — nondescript places with security guards in depressed shopping centers.
The city is already awash in illicit and untaxed weed. Councilman Melvin Willis, 26, told colleagues: “I’ve been inside a KFC, and while (the cashier) took my food order, he said, ‘Wait, I’ll be outside and take care of that dime ($10 of cannabis) for you in a minute.'”
The City Council’s debate — thoughtful and good-natured — focused largely on protecting its tax-paying dispensaries, while cracking down on street sales. “They have thrived under our strict regulations,” said Councilman Ben Choi, “and I don’t want them to be overtaken by other neighboring communities.”
The city’s solution: Yes to recreational pot, with limits. Only the three current dispensaries will get licenses. Cultivation will also be allowed, but only in empty warehouses such as the early 1900s-vintage Pullman Company railroad-cars repair facility. Growers must donate $25,000 for neighborhood beautification.
“The city shows us love — and we love them,” said Rebecca Vasquez of the Holistic Healing Collective, a dispensary with big expansion plans that’s now located next to a Starbucks and a real estate business.
“We’re ready to roll.”
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